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Advanced Diagnostics Navigation

• Atomic and molecular species, positive and negative ions
  • Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) and Two-Photon Absorption LIF (TALIF)
    • Nanosecond LIF/TALIF
    • Femtosecond TALIF
    • CW LIF for measurements of Ar and Xe ion and atom VDFs
  • Radar Resonant Enhanced Multi-Photon Ionization (Radar REMPI)
• Characterization of plasma, chemical composition and dynamic behavior
  • Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES)
  • Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry
  • Fast Imaging
  • Electrostatic Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer and Energy Analyzer
  • Electrostatic probes
• Electron velocity distribution function, gas flow velocity and temperature
  • Thomson, Raman, and Rayleigh scattering
  • Hybrid Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (Hybrid CARS)
  • Femtosecond Laser Electronic Excitation Tagging (FLEET)
• Electric field and space potential
  • Electric Field-Induced Second Harmonic Generation (E-FISH)
  • Electrostatic probes
• Nanoparticle Diagnostics
  • Laser-Induced Incandescence (LII)
  • Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)
  • Coherent Rayleigh-Brillouin Scattering (CRBS)
  • Laser-Stimulated Photodetachment (LSPD)
• Surface Diagnostics
  • Surface Second Harmonic Generation (SHG)
  • Electron-induced Secondary Electron Emission and Surface Charging Measurements
  • Surface Potential Measurements with the Kelvin Probe Diagnostic

Laser-Induced Incandescence (LII)

Point measurements of particle size and density with time resolved LII

Spatial visualization of nanomaterial synthesis with planar LII

Sensitivity threshold is particle density ≥ 10⁸ cm^-3

Suited for particles with diameters 5 < d_p < 4000 nm

Laser-Induced Incandescence is a technique in which a short-duration (nanoseconds) laser pulse heats nano-sized particles to high temperatures and the subsequent incandescence is observed. The incandescence allows the detection of the particles, but comparison of experimental signal and modeled incandescence as a function of time also provides the size distribution of the particles. The modeling of LII signal is performed by a model of heat transfer mechanisms in the arc vicinity, including laser absorption, conduction, sublimation, radiation, thermionic emission and finally the heating by radiation from the plasma. Two variants of LII are used - time-resolved LII (TR-LII) and planar LII (pLII). In pLII, images of the incandescence signal provide spatially resolved detection of the presence of nanoparticles. In TR-LII, modeling of the time evolution of the incandescence signal is used to calculate the size of the particles. The TR-LII detection limit is evaluated particle number density of 10⁸ cm^-3.

  This capability is located at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory.